How does diabetes cause kidney disease?

当我们的身体消化我们吃的蛋白质时，该过程会产生废物。在肾脏中，数百万微小的血管（毛细血管），甚至在它们中具有细小的孔，充当过滤器。随着血液流过血管，诸如废物等小分子挤过孔。这些废物成为尿液的一部分。有用的物质，例如蛋白质和红细胞，太大而无法穿过过滤器中的孔并保持在血液中。

Diabetes can damage this system. High levels of blood sugar make the kidneys filter too much blood. All this extra work is hard on the filters. After many years, they start to leak and useful protein is lost in the urine. Having small amounts of protein in the urine is called microalbuminuria.

当肾脏疾病早期诊断出来时，在微白蛋白尿期间，几种治疗可能会使肾脏疾病保持较差。在尿液中具有较大量的蛋白质称为大蛋白酶尿素。当肾脏诱导后患者患有肾脏诱导期间，通常遵循末期肾病或ESRD。

In time, the stress of overwork causes the kidneys to lose their filtering ability. Waste products then start to build up in the blood. Finally, the kidneys fail. This failure, ESRD, is very serious. A person with ESRD needs to have a kidney transplant or to have the blood filtered by machine (dialysis).