如果你患有糖尿病，你可能有很多问题。你可能想知道你是如何开发的糖尿病。你可能担心你的孩子也会发展它。你不是唯一一个问这些问题的人 - 我们在这里帮助。

什么导致糖尿病？

1型和2型糖尿病具有不同的原因，但两者都有两个重要因素。你继承对疾病的倾向，然后是你的东西环境triggers it.

That’s right: genes alone are not enough. One proof of this is identical twins. Identical twins have identical genes. Yet when one twin has type 1 diabetes, the other gets the disease, at most, only一半the time. When one twin has type 2 diabetes, the other's risk is three in four at most.

类型1diabetes

在1型糖尿病患者中，人们需要从父母的危险因素继承。我们认为这些因素必须在白人中更常见，因为白人的1型糖尿病率最高。

因为大多数有风险的人没有得到糖尿病，所以研究人员想知道环境触发器是什么。一个触发器可能与寒冷的天气有关。1型糖尿病在冬天比夏天更频繁地发展，并且在寒冷气候的地方更常见。另一个触发器可能是病毒。它可能是对大多数人对大多数人效应的病毒触发了其他人的糖尿病。早期饮食也可能发挥作用。例如，1型糖尿病在母乳喂养的人和第一次在后期吃固体食物的人中不太常见。

In many people, the development of type 1 diabetes seems to take many years. In experiments that follow relatives of people with type 1 diabetes, researchers have found that most of those who later got diabetes had certain autoantibodies, or proteins that destroy bacteria or viruses (antibodies 'gone bad' that attack the body's own tissues), in their blood for years before they are diagnosed.

你孩子的风险

If you are a man with type 1 diabetes, the odds of your child developing diabetes are1合17。如果你是一个患有1型糖尿病的女人，孩子们出生在你25岁之前，你的孩子的风险是1 25; if your child was born after you turned 25, your child's risk is1 in 100。

你r child's risk is doubled if you developed diabetes before age 11. If both you and your partner have type 1 diabetes, the risk is between1 in 10 and 1 in 4。

这些数字有一个例外：每七种糖尿病患者中的每一个都有一个称为2型多焦自身免疫综合征的病情。除了患有糖尿病外，这些人还有甲状腺疾病，肾上腺肾上腺的含量不佳 - 有些也有其他免疫系统疾病。如果您有这种综合症，您的孩子患有综合征和开发1型糖尿病的风险是一两个。

研究人员正在学习如何预测一个人的糖尿病的几率。例如，具有1型糖尿病的大多数白人都有称为HLA-DR3或HLA-DR4的基因，与自身免疫疾病相关联。如果您和您的孩子是白色的并分享这些基因，您的孩子的风险就较高。其他族裔群体的怀疑基因较少研究;然而，科学家认为HLA-DR7基因可能会使非洲裔美国人面临风险，HLA-DR9基因可能会使日本人面临风险。

An antibodies test can be done for children who have siblings with type 1 diabetes. This test measures antibodies to insulin, to islet cells in the pancreas or to an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). High levels can indicate that a child has a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

If you think your child might have type 1 diabetes,contact your doctor。

如果您的家庭成员有1型糖尿病，您可能有资格提供通过提供的风险筛查TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study。Tastny风险筛查是自由的1型人的亲属，并使用简单的血液测试，可以检测到症状出现之前的1型糖尿病年龄的风险。如果您处于1型糖尿病的早期阶段，您也可能有资格进行预防研究。了解有关如何进行筛选的更多信息。

类型2.diabetes

2型糖尿病具有与家庭历史和血统的较强的联系，而不是1型，并且对双胞胎的研究表明，遗传学在2型糖尿病的发育中发挥着非常强烈的作用。比赛也可以发挥作用。

Yet it also depends on environmental factors. Lifestyle also influences the development of type 2 diabetes. Obesity tends to run in families, and families often have similar eating and exercise habits.

如果您有2型糖尿病的家族史，可能难以弄清楚您的糖尿病是否是由于生活方式因素或遗传学。最有可能它是由于两者都是如此。但是，不要失去心！研究表明，通过锻炼和减轻重量，可以延迟或预防2型糖尿病。Learn how you can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.

您最近是否被诊断出患有2型糖尿病？加入我们的免费Living With Type 2 Diabetes program并获取您需要与糖尿病良好的信息和支持。

你孩子的风险

类型2.diabetes runs in families. In part, this is due to children learning bad habits—eating a poor diet, not exercising—from their parents. But there is also a genetic basis. The good news is, like in adults, it is possible to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in youth by encouraging healthy food choices, exercise and weight loss.Learn about type 2 diabetes prevention.

有关遗传学的更多信息

If you would like to learn more about the genetics of all forms of diabetes, the National Institutes of Health has publishedThe Genetic Landscape of Diabetes。This free online book provides an overview of the current knowledge about the genetics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well other less common forms of diabetes. The book is written for health care professionals and for people with diabetes interested in learning more about the disease.